It doesn't have much to do with being "thrown into the world", what proponents of the episode-at-a-time style are referring to is about the experience one has outside of the game. Being able to sit and simmer with what the game's shown you, sifting through the noise to find hints at what may be to come, finding something that resonated with you and lingering on it. It's a very personal choice, some people don't care to think about games outside of playing them, and that's fine. But what we're advocating is to not rush through the content because you do, in a way, rob yourself by blasting through the whole thing at once.
It's much easier to break things apart in doses, formulate theories that could later be proven right or wrong as the story goes on. But they aren't the sort of thing you're thinking about when your attention is on the screen. To break this down in other terms, think of it like drinking a nice whiskey. If you're tearing through the bottle and mixing it with coke, you'll get drunk, sure, but you're not really enjoying the subtleties of what it is on its own. By holding it for a moment, taking a breath to let the finely aged liquid unravel itself, you get a wholly different experience. Won't be for everyone!
While I absolutely agree Life is Strange should not be binged, I don't agree with your reasoning at all, so allow me to provide my own reasoning:
Life is Strange is a slow-paced game, and it thus requires some level of patience in order to be truly appreciated. There is, for example, a certain moment in episode 2 where you have to find some bottles. There are two ways to approach this section:
1) "Crap, it looks like I'll need to search this junkyard for some bottles in order to continue the story."
2) "It looks like I should explore this junkyard; maybe I'll relax in this old chair for a bit to take in the sights and contemplate what's been going on."
If you binge, are you still going to take the time to read the newspaper, or examine the posters hung up in the hallway? If you are, will you be doing it because you feel obligated to, or because it feels like the natural thing to do at that moment in time?
You don't want to go into this game feeling rushed, and I don't care who you are--if you have fifteen hours of game to get through, you aren't going to live in each moment in the same way you would if you only had three. That's just human nature. When we have more of something, we treat it differently.
None of this is to say that the game
can't be binged--just that it shouldn't be, if you can avoid. I'm also not suggesting that everyone wait weeks between each episode, just that they give it a day or two.