You can run away from every instant kill in The Evil Within. They just didn't know those enemies would do that. They only appear in this chapter, IIRC.
The problem is that you don't know they will one hit kill you in one attack and they really don't make it super apparent. Getting your ass chainsawed and you know you're done. That being said, it's odd they only show up in one chapter since the previous chapters hinted at them unless the enemy type just vanishes afterward.