Well there's Morrison's New X-Men, but its longer at 40+ issues. There's also the first 20 issues of Uncanny X-Force I can definitely recommend.
There's some deeper cuts I could throw out like X-Statix or BKV's Ultiamte X-Men, but the Whedon/Cassaday Astonishing X-Men run is a great primer. Its really accessible, between Whedon's peppy scripting and Cassaday/Martin's realistic artwork and wide-screen panels. Small team of X-men starring mostly well-known characters, mutants as social justice metaphors and superhero vs supervillians, all that good jazz.
If you do get Morrison's New X-Men run though, read that before Astonishing X-Men. Astonishing X-Men is kinda the sequel to that run.