I recommend reading Franz Bardon's Initiation into Hermetics and perhaps some of the companion pieces (by Mistele, Rawn Clark, etc). From what I hear it is the most extensive system of training within the western occult tradition that is publicly available. It's in the tradition of Hermeticism, which is its own distinct system, generally involving the practice of theurgy for the purpose of enlightenment, Hermeticists also tend to emphasize morality and service a lot, and you may or may not care for that particular framework, but from what I gather the basic skills that are used in that book should be very broadly applicable.
I generally don't know quite what to make of western occult traditions, myself. Since my interest in spirituality is more in the vein of Buddhist soteriology, I do think that these methods could (and likely are used) to achieve enlightenment, but culturally I think there's a greater emphasis on 'power' (either real or imagined). Buddhists also have the concept of abhinna or siddhis which could be considered supranormal powers, but from what I gather from people who claimed to have cultivated them is that the experience is ambiguous, like you can regard them as phantasmagoria or as being something more meaningful (synchronicity?), but there isn't really a clear answer on what they are. I think what happens is you become so skilled at mastering your mind, that certain mental impressions that were subtle before (say intuitions) gain enough volume that they become semi-'solid'. Basically I think it's sort of like you hack your mind to more effectively produce certain impressions or internal imagery, which may or may not be useful somehow. But I haven't had any meaningful experience with it myself.
