Amazingly detailed post, thanks a lot for taking the time to respond, it explained everything for me.
No problem! My explanations were a little long-winded, but I'm glad they were able to answer your inquiries.
1. I felt unsatisfied at how surreal the story was. What I chalked up to hallucinations due to the bone fragmented in Phantom Snake's head ended up all being explained as real.
2. Was the gas-mask wearing child real? How could they fly? Parasites?
3. How are the Snakes' voices exactly the same?
4. We were in Africa and didn't get to see kid Raiden at all? I thought Eli was Raiden at first. Missed opportunity much?
5. Paz just... somehow survives GZ and comes back to sit on a bed the whole time? Something else I thought was a hallucination but seemed oddly real.
6. Same with Volgin. How is this scientifically possible? I'd say it's a hallucination, but tape recordings referred to him as real, unless Ocelot and co. knew about the hallucinations and simply played along with them.
7. Can someone explain exactly what real Big Boss' motives were in the end? Is he working with Zero? What's their ultimate goal? Why does Phantom Big Boss go on to be a villain in MG1 and real Big Boss in MG2?
8. Can anyone remind me of Ocelot's actual alignment? What does he want?
01) It was definitely a missed opportunity to explore hallucinations from the helicopter shrapnel embedded in Venom's skull along with the psychokinetic abilities of the "Third Child." One of the early tape briefings foreshadowed that Venom had difficultly distinguishing between red and white, but the pay-off didn't appear in the final product since the true bookend to the game, Episode 51, was removed and relegated to the Collector's Edition bonus material. It would've been more interesting if Volgin and the Skull Unit were apparitions evoking Big Boss's foes from
Snake Eater and
Portable Ops, but the doppelganger twist doesn't logically allow for this possibility.
02) Yes, the gas-masked child was actually a young Psycho Mantis who later works alongside Revolver Ocelot and Liquid Snake as part of FOXHOUND during the Shadow Moses Incident (
Metal Gear Solid). After his death at the hands of Solid Snake, he later resurfaces as a spirit,
à la fan-service, being channeled by Screaming Mantis as part of Liquid Ocelot's Insurrection (
MGS4: Guns of the Patriots). Strangely, Psycho Mantis and Vulcan Raven are currently the two characters whose powers haven't been explained with pseudo-science so they're legitimately supernatural entities for the time being.
03) According to the
MGSV strategy guide, the Medic/Venom Snake already possessed an eeriely similar voice to the real Big Boss even prior to the reconstruction surgery. When users datamined the PC version of
Ground Zeroes last year, it was discovered that the NPC was being voiced by Kiefer Sutherland with a slight alteration in pitch and the material added fuel to theorists that believed we were playing a decoy in
The Phantom Pain. The uncanny resemblance in tone was cited as a reason for the Medic being chosen to serve as the "phantom" of the legendary soldier.
04) Nah, Raiden didn't serve as a child soldier until the Liberian Civil War in the late 1980s. The true missed opportunity was the lacking appearance of Solidus Snake who experienced a stronger accelerated-aging side effect from the cloning process which would've made him a young adult by this point. Just for clarification, Eli/White Mamba was actually a young Liquid Snake.
05) No, her appearance within the game serves as a series of hallucinations hinting at Venom Snake's remorse for failing to find the second bomb. In order to finish her side-quest, you have to complete all ten of the wandering MSF soldier side-ops and you have to return to her room after each mission to hand her a memento. Once you've done finished those visits, a cut-scene occurs where Venom finally comes to terms with Paz having actually died as a result of the events showcased in the
Ground Zeroes finale.
06) Apparently, Volgin never died as a result of the thunderbolt that struck him near the conclusion of
MGS3: Snake Eater. He was rendered comatose and Soviet scientists managed to recover his body to conduct various experiments over the last decade preceding this game. His mind still harbored a deep loathing for Big Boss which Psycho Mantis successfully channeled to re-animated his corpse from a facility where they were both being housed. His initial appearances could've been interpreted as hallucinations, but an important side-op confirms he was physically being brought back to life through the abilities of the "Third Child." An interesting tidbit from the
MGSV strategy guide states that he was physically killed after bring crushed by the mobile platform that supported ST-84 Metal Gear. His vengeful spirit didn't finally come to rest until he realized Venom Snake wasn't the real deal and his deceased body was transferred to Mother Base.
07) Big Boss was discreetly building his own nation of mercenaries. Major Zero was responsible for ordering that the Medic be altered into Big Boss' doppelganger once the legendary soldier awakens from his coma. Zero was defying the intentions of his organization by protecting Big Boss who he still admired as a terrific soldier. In regard to their interpretations of The Boss' will for world peace, Zero believed in totalitarianism where a single government would enforce control over all aspects of society whereas Big Boss sought anarchy where governing bodies ceased to exist and soldiers would always have a purpose in a war economy. Although Zero had intended for his protection to serve as a last ditch effort to make amends over his unauthorized cloning in the early 1970s, Big Boss decided to exploit the situation by allowing Venom Snake to parade on the world stage for Cipher/The Patriots while he built his true fortress of soldiers in Africa and, later, Central Asia. His desire to start anew meant turning his back on his early comrades since he seemingly wasn't interested in leading the effort to take revenge of XOF over his own ideological endeavors. It's believed that Diamond Dogs eventually folds into Outer Heaven in Africa and Zanzibar Land arises from its ashes later on. Venom Snake appears completely devoted to the ideological pursuits of Big Boss so it would be interesting to see a future installment where Miller breaks away after realizing this imitator is dancing right along to Big Boss' tune. At some point in the 1990s, Big Boss would serve was the commanding officer of FOXHOUND under the American government to continue drawing heat away from Outer Heaven while Venom Snake would run his base of operations in his absence. It's during this time that he would train one of his clones, Solid Snake, who he eventually sent to Africa under the impression his body double would defeat him effortlessly. And the rest is history...