Elvis Presley
I think that something that sometimes get lost nowadays in discussions about his popularity, his affectations, the jumpsuit, his iconic status, his music and influences, his effect on popular culture - all of that and more - is that he had an absolutely phenomenal voice. There are two opera singers - Kiri Te Kanawa and Placido Domingo - who called his the greatest voice they ever heard (Kiri) and the one voice from popular music they wish they could have had (Domingo). That is an enormous compliment coming from Placido Domingo in particular. And though I actually disagree with Kiri's comment that the
young Elvis Presley's voice was the best - I always have felt as if the voice of his latter years, with that huge size and quasi-operatic quality - was his true vocal peak. But she is right that his voice was amazing even as a young man. Don't is a great example of how warm his voice was, for instance.
But his voice in the 1970s is where he was at his best, for me. He was a mess physically and well past his prime as a vocalist, but the voice was never better. I have links to some of the performances below; he is particularly amazing on Unchained Melody - one of the few examples of Elvis using falsetto, and though it isn't particularly high, it is much better than you might expect given how rarely you here him make use of it. He also has an incredible note on the "Are you still
MINE" that is one of the most incredible things I've heard in pop music - and it isn't the one at 1:08, though the way he brings that down is gorgeous. He's one of the more subtly talented singers out there - he does these little diminuendos in particular that maybe aren't something you'd pick out at first, but are really impressive if you notice them. His performances of Hurt and
Rags to Riches also have similarly impressive A4s and B4s.
Elvis also has this tremendously versatile voice. He doesn't really change how he sings all
that much - but his voice has this quality where it seems to fit into whatever genre he sings. Of course, this is related to the fact that all of the genres - gospel, rock n roll, rockabilly, blues, country, and so forth - are highly influenced by one another and are often simply offshoots of one another. But his voice's ability to fit perfectly into a multitude of genres - even related ones - is a very impressive talent nonetheless.
Listen to:
Suspicious Minds,
Bridge Over Troubled Water,
How Great Thou Art,
Hurt,
Love Me Tender,
Unchained Melody,
Rags to Riches,
If I Can Dream,
Amazing Grace
Maria Callas
"The first time I listened to a recording of my singing was when we were recording San Giovanni Battista by Stradella in a church in Perugia in 1949. They made me listen to the tape and I cried my eyes out. I wanted to stop everything, to give up singing... " - Maria Callas
"With Serafin at the piano, she did her usual repertory for me Gioconda, Turandot, Aida, Tristan. Parts of the voice were beautiful, other empty, and she used strange portamenti. During a pause, she said she had studied with Elvira de Hidalgo, which struck me as curious, for de Hidalgo had been a coloratura. "I know coloratura pieces too," Callas explained, "but I'm a dramatic soprano." "Well," I asked, "can we hear something of a different nature?" So she sang the aria from I Puritani, with the cabaletta. I was overwhelmed, and tears streamed down Serafin's cheeks. This was the kind of singer one read about in books from the nineteenth century a real dramatic coloratura." - Francesco Siciliani
I have been putting her off because I don't think I can do her justice and I don't have a firm enough knowledge of her musicianship to talk about it specifically; I can only say that from what I have read, her musicianship and her musical choices are held in the highest esteem. But at this point I feel like I have procrastinated enough. I think that the two quotes above sum up my experience of listening to Maria, She has a voice with an essentially ugly character and uneven quality, with a mezzo-soprano's lower register, a hollow sounding middle register and an immense top register with naturally harsh, strident sound, particularly when she uses her fortissimo. In short, she can be difficult to listen to at first, because she is not a singer whom you listen to for the sheer beauty of her voice. On the other hand, she is capable of the most stupendous vocal feats of versatility in music and she is awe-inspiring as a complete artist.
Maria was the first opera singer I tried to listen to seriously, after learning that she was considered the best, and unfortunately I simply was not ready for it. When I first tried listening to her, I had no idea what a trill was, what resonance, what any terms for dynamics were - for all I knew "crescendo" could have either referred to a rise in pitch or in volume, how different soprano vocal types differed from one another, or even why roles were written for different types of voices. It is only in the last two years that I have started to hear dynamics consistently, and the experience listening to Maria again it has been almost revelatory. Her dynamics are
incredible, perhaps more importantly she never seems to skip anything. There is a
lovely interview where she talks about her approach to singing, and she explains that she believes in an approach that she refers to as "straight-jacketing." You are to learn the aria (or lieder, recitative, or so forth)
exactly the way the composer wrote it, with every cadenza, every trill, every single element intact; "There is no excuse for not having a trill, for not doing the acciaccatura, for not having good scales. Look at your scores! There are technical things written there to be performed, and they must be performed whether you like it or not. How will you get out of a trill? How will you get out of scales when they are written there, staring you in the face?"
This recent video is not only one of the best demonstrations of her dynamic control on a note as high as Db6; it is also an exemplary example of her demonstrating what she was talking about in the quote above. In the score, over the part that she sang pianissimo "un fil di voce" is written - an idiom for a whisper, or 'a thread of voice.' She captures that requirement perfectly in that recording of
Una Macchia with the the most sublimely beautifully floated pianissimo I have heard. And simply singing the aria so that every technical requirement is accounted for is not enough. You must also learn the character and the meaning of the aria so you can perform the aria in a way that is meaningful both in the context of the story and true to the composer's intentions as an element of the aria. It is only when you have mastered the piece to this extent that you may attempt to extemporize upon the piece, and what you do must be suggested by the piece itself. There's a wonderful book I have out from the library called
Callas at Juilliard: The Master Classes, which is an overview of her thoughts on the proper performance of a selection of arias. I have only read a few pages to get a feel of whether I would find it interesting, and it looks fantastic.
When I went to listen to her again, it was after I had listened to most of Leontyne's repertoire and I had listened to a few dozen arias in Ingeborg Hallstein's repertoire. I also had had a small exposure to Joan Sutherland and Birgit Nilsson's voices. I had also seen
this incredible video (which is periodically disappeared due to copyright issues so see it while you can), but I did not really
get in a visceral sense what he was trying to communicate about her achievement as a singer. When you typically listen to coloratura, you hear - if you are listening to the best - a singer like Ingeborg, who possesses an incredibly light, agile, and facile voice that is capable of navigating the most difficult of coloratura and fioritura with effortless aplomb. I would compare it to watching a highly difficult, yet perfectly executed, routine in figure skating or in women's gymnastics where small size - in general - is advantageous. When you listen to a dramatic soprano such as Nilsson, you should be struck by the overwhelming size and weight of her voice. If you listen to enough of Ingeborg, you will notice that she only rarely sings while competing with the instruments, and does not sing over a collection of voices or over an entire orchestra. This is because as a high coloratura soprano - or soprano acuto sfogato - her voice is marked by its small size and limited volume capability in addition to its facility with difficultly ornamented passages. This is precisely the opposite in a voice like Nilsson's, which has tremendous volume and weight, but by comparison with a coloratura - or even a lyric - soprano's voice, lacks the same easy agility.
This is part of what makes Maria so fascinating to listen to. She goes from singing the repertoire of the dramatic soprano repertoire of Wagner to singing the most florid arias of Bellini or Rossini or Lakmé, and while her recording of, say, The Bell Song (a good example can be found at 9:00 into the first video linked in the previous paragraph) does not quite have the laser sharpness of Ingeborg's, it is all the more remarkable when you consider how close she comes with the size of her voice - and she maintains a larger size even on those staccati. And it is precisely the same physical qualities of her vocal folds which allow her to sing dramatic roles that should also immense handicap her ability to navigate the difficult florid music you can hear examples of her singing in that video. And her ability to sing as softly as she did with a voice as large as hers is nothing short of miraculous. I don't know if I can convey the experience of hearing her versatility by explaining it like this, but I do hope that anyone who has any interest will give Maria another listen after they try other singers first.
But I would not actually have her here, in spite of what a technical marvel she is, if I did not actually like listening to her sing. And she is actually wonderful to listen to. I was reintroduced to her by The Very Best of Maria Callas, which I purchased on a whim when I was at Barnes & Noble and an announcement came over the PA that music in the classical section was on a forty percent off sale. There is something very distinctive about the ugliness of her voice that makes instantly recognizable and creates its own sort of idiosyncratic appeal. You can hear the jugged quality of her middle voice in
L'amour est un oiseau rebelle, but the way she sings it with that almost swaying quality and the way she phrases it is unmistakeable. She is also one of those operatic singers where she is able to communicate the emotion of the aria to me absent the context of the story and what I ought to be feeling in that moment. I was at my parents' house recently and my father was watching
Philadelphia, the Tom Hanks movie, when the
opera scene started. I recognized Maria immediately, despite having begun hearing it only after she started singing, despite having never listened to her sing the aria, despite having never seen Philadelphia; my only context being her singing and his commentary, I was moved by her the emotional force of her singing alone. She might have an ugly voice, but it doesn't matter when she can do that.
Listen to:
O Mio Babbino Caro,
Ritorna Vincitor!,
Casta Diva,
Vissi D'arte,
Ardon gl'incensi! (
and 1953 and
especially Rome 1952) (the cadenzas with the flute are a highlight),
Ah! Non giunge uman pensiero (the high Eb6 and the tumbling descent down the scale is gorgeous),
Gloria all'Egito (the Eb6 completely covering the chorus and the orchestra is stunning)
Patti Labelle
I thought I should also have Patti Labelle in this post because my experience with her was similar to my experience with Callas in one respect: She was not a singer that I took to immediately. I actually have to credit Satch and Robido for getting me to listen to her more. I was at first only familiar with her before due to videos about her vocal range, and Patti has a classic dramatic soprano voice with a high, cold and metallic upper register that can sound screamed or strained to a less educated ear when it is actually being properly produced. When taken out of the context of the song and presented all by its lonesome, without the gorgeous tonal production that Whitney or Aretha and particularly Mariah are capable of producing on those pitches, it doesn't sound
right. I was also familiar with her - frankly - questionable performance of All The Man That I Need. It is not that she sang it poorly; it is that the song requires at least
some degree of subtlety and Patti's voice is designed for - ahem - YAAAAASSS, but not for subtlety. She also has this irritating tendency when she's singing softly to sing in this sort of little baby voice - 0:40 - 0:44 is a good example of that. In short, I did not seem to find her particularly appealing at first.
But Satch and Rob both helped to introduce me to what
is appealing about her voice - her ability to combine an incredibly sure technique, particularly in the upper belt and head voice, with a willingness to go all the way in on every single song she sings. She will belt more G5s in a single performance than Mariah and Whitney sang live in their entire careers - and ever will - and she will sound effortless doing it. Her technique is incredible - while she pushes her voice to the limits, she still
has a voice at nearly 70 and was in better voice in the late-90s in her late-50s than Mariah or Whitney did a mere fraction of the way into her careers. Of course this is in part due to the fact that one of them had become addicted to drugs and the other had fragile vocal chords that were already damaged from the beginning of her career and were going to decline inevitably - but Patti deserves all the credit in the world for taking care of her voice as well as she does both on and off the stage. Patti is one of those singers whom I failed to recognize how good she was because I was confusing her harsh, strident tone with an incorrect and screamed production - but I've gotten to the point where I can tell the difference between Patti's naturally strident tone but functionally correct production, and the incorrect production of someone like Jennifer Hudson who carries far too much chest up and tends to shriek in ways that Patti avoids.
One of my very favorite Patti Labelle performances oddly enough, is her performance of
The Alphabet Song on Sesame Street. Now you might think, "But wait... the alphabet song?" Absolutely! You may not understand how it is possible to go in on the alphabet song as hard as she does, but Miss Patti is here to educate you. She actually sounds especially fantastic considering she's unamplified and is not an operatic singer - I especially love the first "D". She also does a great job of projecting easily over the din of noise the Muppets were making. I also love her performance of Oh People at the Centennial Concert Statue of Liberty at Giants Stadium in 1986. Her performance is so spectacularly over the top, from the hair (though that hair has -nothing- on the You'll Never Walk Alone Patti's hair) to the power walk to the wailing to the belting. Patti actually reminds me a lot of Shirley Bassey in how she approaches singing. Of course, Shirley's brand of over the top is more Broadway diva and Patti's brand of over the top is more gospel, and Patti tends to be the high wailer and Shirley tends to be lower-middle, but they seem like to different expressions of the same basic performance ethos of apparently throwing caution to the wind and giving everything you have in every performance.
Listen to:
You'll Never Walk Alone,
Somewhere Over The Rainbow,
Oh, People,
Time After Time (duet with Cyndi Lauper),
Then My Living Will Not Be In Vain,
The Lord's Prayer,
Lady Marmalade