'hol up...
Golf is segregated (they are given a handicap essentially). So is archery as far as I know. As is something like Kendo (sword fighting). I get that you think individual sports are less about physical strength and more about strategy and whatever you call skill, but there is literally no evidence that supports this.
Yes and no.
Kendo is an unusual example. Typically, in tournaments, there will be a women's division, but, women are allowed to compete with the males (in some tournaments they can even play in both divisions -- I won't lie, I love it

). And, when they do, they rarely win but sometimes they
do win. Whereas I believe it's pretty much unheard of for a woman to win against men of a similar level of experience/skill in other sports...
Basically, the gap between gender for kendo performance is probably not nearly as wide as in most sports. Pure physical strength doesn't matter much, if at all -- some of the best kenshis I've seen were small, short and slender. The factor with the highest gap is speed. Hand and foot speed does matter a lot in competitive kendo, but even that won't matter as much as pure skill (timing, reading your opponent, etc. which is amplified by experience and training). And since a kendo match can be decided very quickly and, well, "anything can happen", a slightly slower but more experienced female kenshi
can beat a faster, stronger male opponent. I've not only seen it happen, but I've actually done it. Could I do it repeatedly and consistently? Hard to say, as I rarely get to compete with guys, but I'd venture "probably not" (I'm not that competitive, a more competitive female kendoka probably could).
It is worth pointing out, however, that scoring in kendo is not a 100% objective, measurable thing like in many sports, but it's very much a judgment call (from 3 judges, at least 2 of which must agree to give the point). Judges watch the fight and observe the strikes, and award the point based on a variety of factors (precision of hitting the target, power and control behind the strike, presence of correct footwork, posture, kiai, etc. -- it's very complicated ^^ and that's why only very experienced kenshis become judges). It's not like in fencing where there's an automatic buzzer, or a ball entering a goal/net, or a measurement of time/distance of a throw or something like that. If there were an hypothetical kendo tournament where we measured who can launch the fastest strike in milliseconds or whatever, men would probably have an edge, but that's not how it works
Still, gender segregation does happen, for a number of reasons, but the more significant one, IMO, is that female kenshis are a minority and it's more fun for them to compete between each others and award them medals (women winning medals in male divisions does happen, as I've said, but it's rare simply because the percentage of women even participating is far, far smaller than the men's, men just severely outnumber us). I am 95% sure that male-to-female transgender kenshis could compete in the women's division without a fuss. In fact, I believe I've seen it happen. A few months ago I competed, and faced a woman I
suspected (but I am not sure -- I certainly didn't go ask, I'd be mortified if I was wrong xD) was transgender. She had an unusually big and strong upper body for a woman, and her kiai (the "war cry" that we do) sounded, well, pretty manly. Now I've faced tons of different women over a decade and not every woman has the same kind of fighting style, or the same kind of kiai. But, typically, in my experience, you still, well,
feel the difference, for lack of better term, when you're fighting a woman or a man, and when facing her, it felt like fighting a man. This doesn't mean she was born male, she could just be an unusually masculine woman, of course. When I went to thank her after the fight, and saw her face and heard her voice, she looked and sounded very androgynous, so I couldn't tell for sure. But, if she was indeed trans, I would have zero problem with her fighting in the women's division again. In fact I think it's pretty cool!
That depends entirely on when the therapy is undertaken and what activity we're talking about.
For something like basketball, obviously a MtF person who is transitioning late will have a huge advantage simply because of height. In most other activities, no, there will be no notable advantage.
This article, posted earlier, suggests there is indeed an advantage for many sports including running:
http://sportsscientists.com/2016/05/hyperandrogenism-women-vs-women-vs-men-sport-qa-joanna-harper/
Basically, testosterone is a significant factor that cannot be discounted.
I'm not. Both her gender and sex are female.
That's... just factually wrong. Sorry.
Chromosomes aren't the hard-and-fast rule you think they are.
And, not gonna lie, seeing all this gender essentialism bullshit on GAF is really discouraging. I'd really rather not deal with that.
You are correct that chromosomes are not a hard and fast rule and there are always unusual exceptions. But, I disagree with the rest of your post; this isn't about gender, but biological sex. No one (I hope) is suggesting that transwomen have a male
gender, so this isn't "gender essentialism".
It's a delicate matter when dealing with competitive sports because biological sex is a significant factor. I do suggest you check out the article above as it was written by a transwoman who is quite knowledgeable about the matter.
I genuinely don't understand why you are getting offended.
Because your analogy is ridiculous.
It is even worst because we already live in a world where the OLYMPIC GUIDELINES state that trans people are totaly ok to compete.
Yes, but with a significant caveat re: testosterone level...
