This is actually really hard to answer. For example, Jon's last scene in the last book is his assassination, so when he was resurrected on the show that was his plot passing the books. But at the same time, all these scenes from this week where they go around rallying Northern lords are actually developed largely from book 5 Davos scenes where he's trying to win allies for Stannis. In the books, Houses Mormont and Glover, whom Jon just met with in the show, are part of Stannis' army, which is still camped in the snow preparing for the oncoming Bolton attack.
Theon is actually being held prisoner in Stannis' camp after escaping Winterfell, and his sister is prisoner with him after Stannis captured her while helping the Glovers to retake their castle from the Ironborn to win their support, and that whole Ironborn election scene actually happen a full book earlier, just with Theon not present since he was still in Ramsay's dungeon. It's an entirely different Ironborn character who goes to Meereen in the books, while Theon and his sister get tied up in this Northern stuff.
A lot of plots are kind of riffing off of smaller book elements to buy some time too. Tyrion's whole agreement to reallow slavery in the other cities is actually an agreement that Dany makes as part of her deal to marry Hizdahr in the books. Arya's several episodes of blindness are taken from a single book chapter that actually came before most of her season 5 content. Sam is still trying to catch up with his final book chapter where he starts maester training. Jaime and Brienne converging on Riverrun is them finally catching up to their book plots, after both of them spent season 5 in places they never go to in the books, with Brienne in the North and Jaime in Dorne. Jorah has had a cut character's grayscale plot grafted on to him.
Basically we are simultaneously past and not past the books, and some characters are on paths completely unrelated to the books.