We know that the beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin in response to an increase in blood glucose levels. Under normal circumstances (and this is the highly simplified, cut to the chase version) in the beta cells, voltage-gated calcium channels are activated in response to an increased ATP:ADP ratio and the closing of ATP-gated potassium channels. The activated calcium channels let calcium into the cells. This triggers the production and export of insulin. When the beta cells are working they also require more oxygen in order to function. That was a BRIEF and SIMPLE explanation of what normally occurs. Now, lets see what happens when monoglycerides and saccharin storm the fort. Instead of the normal activation of calcium channels, increased oxygen consumption and release of insulin, the beta cells seem to get a little loopy (like too much weed or something), they start releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have been linked to inflammation, cell damage, cancer and obesity. All this craziness because of two FDA generally regarded as safe (GRAS) additives are present.