All guns are loaded. Until it is disassembled for cleaning assume it is loaded. Always.
Then:
Only point it at things you are prepared to shoot.
This might sound mildly hysterical but it is absolutely the most important aspect of owning or handling a firearm. And neither point is negotiable or has exceptions.
^ Thats how any responsible person handles guns.
There's a reason you always carry your gun broken open at a range - you (or others) can't just assume it's unloaded.