The Prophetsa, exalted by Allah to a position with no equal, showed his persecutors only unsurpassable love, mercy and forgiveness in return for their evil. When victory finally came and the polytheists of Mecca were subdued by the Prophetsa, he ordered a general amnesty. There was no massacre and no punishment for his persecutors. No arrests were made. No executions took place. Instead of retribution there was the Quranic proclamation: Let no reproach be on you this day. May Allah forgive you. He is the most merciful of the merciful.
That day the cruelest of the cruel were pardoned. Those who had tormented helpless slaves on the burning sand were forgiven. Those who had dragged Muslims through the streets like dead animals were absolved. Those who had breached the peace were pardoned, as were those who had stoned defenseless Muslimseven the woman who had eaten the liver of the Prophetssa uncle.
If the history of the world from Adamas to the present day were ever lostand with it the record of every persecution and of every charter of human rightsa glance at the life of the Prophetsa would more than prove that true religion does not cause hatred, persecution, repression or the suppression of thought.
But the Prophetsa did not confine his teachings to calling for religious tolerance. Since the Prophetsa of Islam is A Mercy for the Universe (21.108), a general proclamation is made by the Quran: There shall be no compulsion in religion. Compulsion is unnecessary because, Guidance and error have been clearly distinguished (2.257) and there is no possibility of confusing the two. On the face of it, this proclamation seems unusual and anomalous. On one hand there was an arbitrary authority, hell-bent on wiping out a small group of people because of their apostasy with every means at its disposal. And when this group of apostasy gained power, it was told by the Quran to proclaim that:
There shall be no compulsion in religion, for guidance and error have been clearly distinguished; so whoever refuses to be led by those who transgress and believes in Allah, has surely grasped a strong handleone which knows no breaking. (2.257)
But it must be noted that this proclamation is made in the second chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqarah, which was revealed in the first two or three years after the Prophetssa arrival in Medina, a place where Muslims were not only free from Meccan persecution but also held power. What could be a more human and generous proclamation of peace from a prophet who, only a year or two earlier, had been persecuted for changing his religion?
People who persecute in the name of religion are totally ignorant of the essence of religion. Religion is a metamorphosis of hearts. Religion is not politics and its adherents do not make up political parties. Neither is it a nationality with limited loyalties, nor a country with geographical borders. It is the transformation of heartstransformation for the good of the soul. The home of religion is in the depths of the heart. It is beyond the sway of the sword. Mountains are not moved by the sword, nor are hearts changed by force. While persecution in the name of religion is the repetitive theme in the history of human aggression, freedom of conscience is the Qurans repetitive theme.
The Prophetsa was asked again and again to proclaim: This is the truth from your Lord; let him who will, believe, and let him who will, disbelieve. (18.30) Truth is obviously a matter of the heart; it has nothing to do with force. Once it has been seen it cannot be blotted out by any power. Hence the Qurans assertion that once truth is known it is our choice to accept or reject it. Yet, elsewhere, the Quran says: Verily, this is a reminder: so whosoever wishes may take to the way that leads to his Lord. (76.30) No charter of human rights can surpass the clarity of the Quranic phrase faman Shaa (whosoever wishes). The word whosoever is all inclusive. It is surprising that after such a clear declaration anyone could possibly think that Islam supports the use of force.
Again, in the 39th chapter of the Quran, the Prophetsa is ordered to tell unbelievers: It is Allah I worship in sincerest obedience. Now, as far as you are concerned, Worship what you like besides Him. (39.16)
Since freedom of consciencefreedom to believe and to preachis the cornerstone of religion, and repression of religious heresy is the aim of antireligious forces, the Quran lays great emphasis on the freedom of conversion. The last line of Chapter 109 of the Quran sums up the basic principle of a true religion. For you, your religion and for me, my religion. In an earlier passage (10.108), God refers to the same principle by asking a rhetorical question. Addressing the Holy Prophetsa, He says: If thy Lord had enforced His will, surely all those on earth would have believed, without exception? Will thou, then, take it upon thyself to force people to become believers? In the scheme of creation, man must have complete free will to believe or otherwise; there is no compulsion; a man must use his reason and understanding. After all, faith is a gift given by God to those He thinks deserve it.
One hundred and twenty-four thousand prophets were sent by God and showed, by their teaching and example, that the bearers of the divine message are the oppressed, not the oppressors. The prophets won over hearts by moral and spiritual strength, not by physical force. It is a great tragedy that the ordained priests and the turbaned Mullahs with their flowing robes of piety became the tormentors of the innocent in the name of oppressed prophets. They monopolized religion, yet they knew nothing of it. They claimed to protect the honor of their prophets by maligning others, by spreading malicious lies and, above all, by perpetrating crimes of violence which shamed humanity. They did it before the birth of the Holy Prophetsa. They do it still.