During the George W. Bush administration, Bolton has been the undersecretary of state for arms control and international security (2001–05) and ambassador to the UN (2005–2006).
Bolton has been a prominent participant in some neoconservative groups such as the Project for the New American Century (PNAC), the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA), and the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf (CPSG). But Bolton disputes the label "neo-conservative" attached to him,[9] pointing out that he was a conservative since high school, when he worked on the 1964 Goldwater campaign.[32]
Bolton was formerly involved with the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Federalist Society, National Policy Forum, National Advisory Board, Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, New Atlantic Initiative, Project on Transitional Democracies.