To destroy also came up with the Chinese dictionary I was using I believe it may be the case the royalty connotation is archaic (Probably has to do with Conqueror definition with it as well) since your right that most dictionaries only mentions it as a Surname and to Destroy.
Also it's not too surprising that the kanji has the same meaning; though grammar and pronunciation is different most single character words I seen are the same or they would be if the character was a traditional character.
Differences arisen when over the hundreds of years Japan simplified the characters but even those are now sometimes used in Simplified Chinese which I believe is probably the case with 刘.(though it may be also be reversed since well, I don't know any case off the top my head it's possible as well that Japan adopted the simplified character instead of the other way around.)
Japanese Kanji uses the traditional character
it's the worst
Instead of missing classes, I now dream about not teaching classes for an entire semester