* Weyland's speech about how Prometheus was cast out from Mount Olympus made me think back to the sole Engineer we saw at the beginning of the movie. IF the movie is not exactly subtle about its allegory then I guess it's safe to say that he's our 'Prometheus'. This is going to go into speculation territory. IF he is our 'Prometheus' then it'd mean that he was cast out into Earth for something that he did. Assuming that the substance was meant to kill him, then it'd also mean that our creation was not intended. We were an accident born from an attempt to abort 'Prometheus' life, so to speak. But again, this is a lot of speculations and it'll depend on two things: that the Engineer meant to die and the substance was indeed meant to kill him but instead seeded his gene into our DNA.
You can draw an allegory here, but I don't think this one is intentional. As I saw it, Weyland was the one who wanted to steal fire from the Gods, so to speak. For the sake of argument though, I'll help you flesh your allegory out here.
The judgement / torment of Prometheus is not literally 1 : 1 here. The important part would be sacrifice. The Engineer killed himself to give
intelligence or possibly more generally, possibly just
life to a planet. It is inteligence that is the source of the Engineer's power, the Fire in this case. The punishment of Prometheus is equivelant to his sacrifice, not literal judgement from his peers.
The Christian symbology is far, far more heavily ingrained in this film that anything from Greek mythology, though. The Engineer giving his life to grant life to the human race is a fairly obvious allegory for the Christian belief system. I would almost say that, given the content of the rest of the film, it was far too heavy handed.
* The whole "We find this cave painting in every past civilizations" suggest to me that the Engineers have paid multiple visits to each separate civilizations. It's impossible otherwise for these civilizations, most of whom have no connection to previous civilizations, to come up with the same drawing. Especially if you know most of these civilizations died/perished before the next big one come up. So my only assumption is that in order for these civilizations to even depict the planet configurations of the Engineers, someone must have shown them that. The only explanation I can come up with is that some Engineers have paid a visit to each past civilization.
I thought this was common knowledge. They obviously visited multiple times, since in addition to what you just said, they were tampering with our evolutionary history (which was occurring a LOOOOOONG time before cave paintings showed up).
* What if the cave painting was left behind in case they can't get to us in time before our civilizations reach its peak like now when knowledge and technology are in abundance? Maybe it's a way for them to spring a trap for us, which explains them leading us to a military base instead of their homeworld. But then the event of 2000 years ago came into existence. What could this be?
They were going to destroy us thousands of years prior to us making contact with them, so I don't think this fits very well. There is also a very big question regarding motivation. If they wanted to spring a trap, it would serve them better to have the trap laying on a closer celestial body, such as the Moon. That way you get them
before interstellar spaceflight is a thing, and before they have several off-world colonies. It's just more efficient, you know?
* ASSUMING that this is the event where one Engineer got crucified (aka he's the Space Jesus), then this is the point where they realized how dangerous our species can be. Maybe it's also the point where they realized they can't just wipe us out using normal means. Maybe this is when they start altering the properties of the trans-mutation substance to create the Xenomorph. They were meant to be weapons to destroy us. But before they can use it, the outbreak happened and so on.
They could just wipe us out with normal means, though. The Roman military circa 30AD is not going to be able to put up a fight versus space-giants in space-armor with space-guns backed up by space-based-weapons. They could have done the trick with conventional bioweapons that only target humans, without bothering to mess around with something so dangerous.
* Someone else probably has pointed this one out. But this time around I realized that the chamber where they found the severed head functions more or less like a decontamination chamber. The trans-mutation substance didn't start to leak out of the urns until the door was opened. The Engineer who decapitated his head probably did the decapitation on purpose. Maybe he was infected and the only way to stop the infection was to decapitated his head so that it'll be contained in the decontamination chamber along with the other urns. The question is, what is so different between these urns and the ones seen near the Engineers' control room? If these ones easily leak when the door is opened, why are the ones near in the Engineers' control room are fine when exposed to air?
I believe they only leaked when the air
changed, not when exposed to any air at all. The air was changing because the idiots took their helmets off in the room and altered the moisture/CO2 levels.
It's moronic, but they were probably designed to deploy their goop when they were let out into the open on Earth, but not when they were in the well-controlled air of that chamber. I say it's moronic because while "possible", it's such a dumb way to do things. It's an accident waiting to happen.