Same, I've finished the raid and most of the quests, but still have no antiquated rune.
I wish I could trade you guys, I legit have found 5+ Antiquated Runes, but only two Stolen Runes, and I only had enough to buy 3 more Stolen runes and I still can't get the Tier 2 combo I need for the fragment lol. I saw the post above about intentionally failing out to keep the rune though until you get the combo you want, that's really good advice and I'll do that!
Also just answered my own question about the Argonarch rune, you can't really swap between characters at all; the game only allows you to have one stack, so you can't even put one in the vault then have the second character (that already has one) pick it up or put theirs in the vault either. If you have a third character with no Argnoarch rune at all I don't see why you couldn't do some switching around to make that work but eh.