While the legal incidence of company tax is borne by companies themselves, the economic incidence of company tax, in terms of whose welfare is affected and by how much, is determined by the way the tax affects the behaviour of firms and consumers. To explore the incidence of company tax, this paper presents estimates of the long-run welfare effects of a 1 percentage point cut in the company tax rate. At an aggregate level these estimates suggest that, in comparison with previous modelling by KPMG Econtech (2010), the welfare gain from cutting the company tax rate is higher per dollar of revenue forgone than is the case for labour income tax or the goods and services tax.
The welfare effects of a 1 percentage point cut in the company tax rate are shared between company owners and workers. Estimates from the main scenario, which includes economic rents, suggest that in the long run only around one-third of these benefits accrue to the owners of capital, with the remaining two-thirds flowing to households primarily through higher wages. This has implications for the social distribution of income as capital ownership is significantly more concentrated than labour income (ABS 2013).
Alternative assumptions about the structure of the economy result in different estimates of the incidence of the company tax. As a sensitivity analysis, the paper presents estimates for an open and competitive economy in which there are no companies earning economic rents. In this scenario, none of the benefits of a company tax cut accrue to the owners of capital in the long-run. The paper also presents estimates from a scenario in which there are both economic rents and limits to international capital mobility, in which almost all of the benefits of a company tax cut accrue to the owners of capital in the long-run. Over time, as the Australian economy transitions through the current mining cycle and the rates of profit in that industry return towards more normal levels, and if the world economy continues to become more open and closely interconnected, it is likely that the results from the open and competitive scenario will become more relevant.