This is in response to
velvet_nitemare post...
You could take a class, it'll probably greatly increase the speed in which you're familiar with your camera due to having assignments you have to do. You'll also probably be exposed to different types of shooting and broaden your experience in that regard.
With that said, I learned by doing and reading a book on basic composition (
The Photographer's Eye: Composition and Design for Better Digital Photos). Also looking at other peoples work and finding things that resonate with me and wanting to implement that in my own work. I personally like minimal, stark and dark sort of photos and I gravitate to artists that have this same feel to their photography. It sort of feeds itself taking in and outputting.
So I would just get a camera and shoot now and worry about whether you want to take classes later.
This is a really extensive subject to tackle but you'll be perfectly fine with any entry level cameras from Nikon, Canon or Sony (entry level for Canon are the Rebel series). Though you may want to look into Mirrorless cameras too (like the Olympus PEN cameras, Panasonic's DMC-GFX and Sony's NEX series of cameras). They're compact and pack the same great IQ the larger DSLR cameras provide.
About tripods, I think its good to get one and get in the habit of using one when appropriate. Some people hate them though. I personally own a POS one I bought from Walmart. It gets the job done but you'll find that if you like the benefits of tripod you'll need a better one down the line.
Not really. You can shoot JPEG and the camera will process the images for you via their in camera image processing software (by applying different curves which effect contrast and color saturation). You can also set, in camera, what type of look you want from your JPEGS if you want to get a specific look.
Beyond that is RAW shooting (essentially a blank template of a photo). These type of photos require processing of some sort (if just to convert them to a usable image). They allow a very large latitude of post work versus JPEG. If you buy a Canon camera Canon will provide you with what you need to work on such images which is called DPP (Digital Photo Professional). DPP is the program I use to work on my own RAW files.
I don't know of any sites in particular but I'd suggest you start shooting now and also take in other peoples work. Find what pulls at you and follow it in whatever direction it takes you. Also shoot for yourself and what you find emotionally impactful or at least visually interesting. Take pictures of ducks and stairs and flowers and clouds. Just the act of photographing something and considering a scene or subject will push you forward as far as knowledge of your camera and the better you know your camera the easier it will be to get the look you want out of a photo.
Finally, shoot for yourself. What I mean by this is to choose subject and mood that you want not what you think other people would prefer or find striking. You'll often see people on the Internet that shoot for recognition of their work and general accolades. It can lead down a path of shooting photos you care not one bit for and will eventually kill your interest in photography.