But the problem is that there's absolutely no downside to employers making every hourly job have zero contracted hours, so we're at a point now where they're a standard feature in almost every employment contract.
I'm surprised you actually admitted that a legitimate use for zero-hours contracts was to hire people for short-term work (under the guise of it being long-term employment) and be able to lay them off without penalty when they're no longer required. Advocates of them don't usually acknowledge that this sort of thing happens at all, let alone pitch it as a reason why they're such a useful tool for employers!
I think you're overstating the case a little bit there. I'm not on a 0-hour contract. Are you? Estimates vary, but the highest one I can find suggests that 8% of the workforce have 0 hour contracts. This might be 8% too many for some, but it's not exactly "a standard feature in almost every employment contract".
As for sacking people, I think we need to get over that. I don't really see why employers should need to be "penalised" for getting rid of workers, whether they're crap employees or just redundant. Getting rid of employees is something that a) needs to happen and b) needs to be able to happen in a healthy labour market.
That's tightened my thinking up a bit.
In particular I can see how 0-hour contracts make sense for people with other income or other commitments and in the hands of sane employers. I still feel very uncomfortable with them where the job is someone's main or only income and the total absence of any security of income.
This is more apparent where the local economy (like ours here) is completely dominated by hotels, care homes and hospitality which are in turn completely dominated by zero-hours contracts. It is very difficult for anyone to find an alternative and, as I say, abuse is rife.
With you on that. People forget that the Victorians did a huge amount of good in employment legislation and a whole bunch of other things. It's as bad as condemning capital punishment as "mediaeval" when we only got rid of it for murder in 1964 and for the last few crimes in the 1990s which is a lot more recent than that (and France only lost the guillotine in 1977).
I think you're overstating your case a bit here! They were designed - I think it is fair to say - solely for the benefit of the employers. Sure there's a side benefit to a small class of workers (those who either need the flexibility or can afford the downtime), but that is far from being to the benefit of the average, or even most, workers. Set against the significant disadvantages in that they potentially run roughshod over employees rights in terms of holiday pay, pension entitlements, dismissal I think the balance still comes out negative.
But, nearly everybody needs some security of income week by week. That's the crunchy bit.
I think you're right. It's similar to part time work insomuch as there's nothing wrong with it until you'd rather have more. If we assume that Full Time, Permanent employment is at 100 on the scale of both security and lack of flexibility, part time work is somewhere down both (insomuch as part time workers are a bit easier to get rid of, which offers the employer more flexibility, but also allows the employee to work additional hours or otherwise do whatever they want in the off hours, which gives them more flexibility too), then zero hour contracts are even further down those tallies.
Whenever we get new employment data, you find people asking "but how much of it is part time?" as if A)
everyone would rather have full time employment and b) part time work is worthless. And if you're a single parent trying to feed four kids, it probably is pretty worthless. But if you're a kid at school or a second earner wanting to put something away for a holiday, it's perfect. I think zero-hour contracts are the same, only they're applicable to even less people because, as you suggest, it's problematic when it's the only form of income. As such, most people for whom they're a good fit are those who either have another income/partner with another income, or are otherwise financially independent (in my brother's case, he still lived at home, so if he DID want shifts but he never got them, he wouldn't starve or get kicked out his house - I appreciate not everyone is in this position, of course).
Like I said, though, I'm not sure what the solution is. You mention how the hospitality industry uses them a lot, but if they weren't there, what would they do? If they had guaranteed work for people for 3 months, wouldn't they already be using fixed-hour contracts?