I understand the conflation of the carbon dating results, but I feel the "space jesus" arc is too literal of an interpretation, particularly when that assumption shorts out the majority of the interesting circuits of the film in pursuit of closure. I have seen the still shot of the bas-relief sculpture behind the "altar" at the opposite end of the initial chamber referenced as a xeno lifeform in a particular pose, although there are many times where I just wanted to stop the movie and act as a disembodied camera examining all the details, this was but one.
If these beings were interstellar alchemists seeding planets with DNA dispersal through self sacrifice I would assume a particular approach and multiple test subjects. I understand the perception of the cave paintings reinforcing a state of consistent localized monitoring given the time scales and geological changes, but as others have said there were multiple planets in the cluster depicted, just like there were multiple installations on the planet surface featured in this movie. This is simply a hook to get people invested in the story by embedding it within human evolution and our development. It's easier to be satisfied with the given answers than to enjoy the process of looking for new ones, unfortunately.
There are certain conditions that need to be met for the self sacrifice as depicted to even make sense in the context of seeding development. How long did they spend terraforming Earth, if at all, prior to this event? Did they even bother, or did they only select "natural" virgin candidates? As we know it is not relevant whether this is Earth or not, another strong point for this not being an isolated incident.
If they had the capacity to perform this selfless act of procreation all over the universe, wouldn't the fact that we have evolved so similar to their image, yet so far away from compassion and cooperation be enough to warrant our dismissal or tweak our developmental path? Why send an emissary two thousand years later only to see him murdered in a violent fashion, as if they wouldn't see that as a foregone conclusion? Why would a race so powerful and intelligent occupy an entire planet just to house a weapons program of such vast proportions that it required such levels of quarantine, all in the name of vengeance upon their offspring? That's too convenient and frankly too human of a conclusion.
Similarly, given the nature of the Engineers exhibited in the film, for the previous explanation to be the defining event in their presumed patriarchal dismissal, they would have to - as David explains it - present themselves to the humans in the most comfortable form possible, that of their own. Otherwise I don't see how an 8 foot tall bipedal alien that can walk on water for all we know would allow itself to be crucified by people with such relatively infantile technology and physical capacity, particularly when his entire mission is one of spreading the interstellar gospel as it were. "In the beginning, there were space bros, and ye have become most un-space-bro like", yeah, right.
I want to know what the Engineer says when he straps into the seat, because the expression on his face seemed very introspective and satisfied, as though his decision or position as the remaining guard in hypersleep was finally culminating. As far as I remember it is also one of the only scenes other than the initial opener that does not show the Engineers in a state of abject fear or rage. I find the two interesting in the sense that in the establishing shot he is also introspective but clearly vexed on some level, as if experiencing slight trepidation. Then again on fundamental levels that is true, creation entails a lot more ambiguity and responsibility for cultivating different possibilities, destruction is a resolute and definite end.
I've seen the prior look before, on individuals who understand the transformative power of a chemical they are about to ingest that will undoubtedly take them to very interesting places that may or may not be within their control or levels of expectation, and will definitely be beyond their scope of experience and personal intuition. It seemed as though the Engineer was holding the Philosophers Stone in his hands in a state of reverence, consumed as sacrament.
In that same context, David activates everything on board the Engineer installation, because he is the only one who has the capacity to interface with them due to - and I may be misremembering here - deconstructing every language on Earth down to its root elements in the past two years on board the ship. His motivation and cooperative capacity throughout the film is not entirely clear, so again this provides another layer of ambiguity. What we see is David activating a lot of key sequences, what we don't see is him literally translating any of the controls or resulting displays for our convenience.
Does his interaction "select" Earth upon entering and activating the control room? The proceeding holographic recording seemed like the ceremony to ordain or install the hypersleep candidate, but I perceived his actions as though David was joyfully interacting with the interstellar map itself unaware of any consequence, and that was not just the end half of the holographic recording. It is clear that the Engineer goes through a lot of initial sequences on board the bomber after strapping in, presumably basic functionality and calibration checks prior to takeoff, but is it fair to assume Earth was the intended target of the payload? I'm not willing to assume the Engineer was so frantic as to act ignorantly, blindly taking off without checking his course, but he did just wake up from a few thousand years of hypersleep and again we could have no indication of his cognitive functionality at that point other than being very agitated given the circumstances.
I found his reaction to their presence to be absolutely perfect and I would have expected no less. Why speak when they can't understand you? What was the Engineer going to do, sit down in a lotus position and play the greatest hits of his people out in psychedelic holographic form for these degenerate offspring to grok? Waste of time, particularly if the longstanding mission is to mutate them through direct interaction and he's already a few thousand years late. Not only did they fail in adjusting the evolutionary trajectory of these wayward children 2000 years ago, but now they are at his doorstep begging for more life. No longer are they primitive people bashing each others skulls in with rocks, now they are primitive people raping the entire universe for resources in the pursuit of the fountain of youth, or at least as much for the wealthiest capitalist among them. Be careful what you wish for, I suppose.
Similarly we are assuming the payload was engineered for us specifically, which I find to be silly. These are interstellar alchemists who have clearly spent more time experimenting on themselves than anything, and the resulting chain of genetic mutation that everyone is obsessed with is simply a result of exposure, not the design - as others have said, the floor of the initial chamber was seeded with worms which created the initial snake form. Look at what happens to the other half of the Scooby-Doo team & the infected scientists progeny, the squid-baby. If the mutating properties of the substance are so powerful as to transform a creature in scale and power that rapidly - we're talking a dozen hours at most - why presume it is deadly?
Because it "destroys" human life based on the events we know from Alien, where the organisms behavior is modeled around an insect like infestation and reproduction through human hosts? Too simple. The genetic catalyst simply changes lifeforms, and change is one of the most consistent aspects of life. Nothing is static or existing in a vacuum. It broke down the Engineer forms into an genetic miasma - it arguably does the opposite for those who are lower down on the evolutionary scale. The concept of that scale being a reverse pyramid is a little strange, but that's something that needs to be accepted by default as a result of the Engineer seeding activities - maybe they became too inbred or sterile and needed to introduce or farm new genetic elements from various precursor elements of their own DNA - regardless, it seems shortsighted to start applying arbitrary labels to the goo on a per-scene basis.
In that regard I don't understand the concept that the goo has binary properties, or that there is good goo at the beginning and bad goo at the end. If it's an evolutionary catalyst through extreme genetic mutation and life cycle propagation shifts than it does not sound like a traditional weapon to me. The idea of a "traditional" weapon should not exist for a race so advanced, and at no point do you notice any physical armaments occompanying the Engineer or installation - mounted on racks, mounted on the ship - not a single instance. Maybe the idea of the substance is to not only seed life from a certain point of genetic compatibility, but then also to re-habilitate or coax it out of developmental hangups through periodic applications for those offspring that are considered retarded or otherwise developmentally struggling?
As if we don't genetically modify crops and spray them with all sorts of localized chemicals to support their development and reduce loss via pests, infections or other forms of biological predation. Similarly what happens when we as the creators get exposed to these manipulative industrial chemicals? Mutations, cancers, awful unexpected damage at a cellular level. This is probably the most consistent theme of the movie, the creator and their creations, and what their applications, interactions and perspectives towards each other really entail for the future.
What do we see on the holographic recordings? Nowhere is there a single physical entity that is not a suited-up Engineer, and if I had to make an assumption it would not be that Joe the Engineer in training fell asleep on the interstellar genetic missile assembly line and released a spore cloud of it into the local atmosphere that began to run wild. Could it have been an event like the surface storm featured prominently in the film? I suppose, given fatal implications even for the Engineers, but that would not entirely explain the complete dereliction of the installation.
I am not sure if this is bad memory again, but I am recalling the atmosphere not changing in the room until the humans removed their helmets. The initial scientist removes his helmet in an attempt to verify instrumentation and cognitive intuition through potentially dangerous self experimentation, all in service of making a point. I am assuming this means that without the presence of their waste byproducts from the process of respiration, the atmosphere would have remained stable and the jars never would have begun to sweat. Although this seems like a bit of a sticking point for me, because if the Engineers can create a structure so massive and powerful as to condition the local atmosphere, how could the tolerance shift of a few humans throw that completely out of balance? Granted, it was probably something that was never planned for, and I have to assume there are some similarities in terms of how we are designed in that regard. It seems unlikely, but it seems more unlikely that the presence of sentience activates the goo. I am not willing to assume it is alive or analogous to the symbiote from the Spiderman series, that's too woo-woo for me and destroys alot of the fundamental interplay with the embedded organic mechanical designs and the visual/conceptual horror work crafted so well across so many decades.
I think the questions the film raises are more interesting than the half-baked answers I have seen forced upon the narrative in an attempt to make sense of everything. The negative comments are also generally very dismissive in tone, which I find a bit premature given the nature of the themes and the embedded incentives for a followup. I would rather watch this movie a few dozen more times than read another vehement dismissal of what it attempts to achieve.
I wish I could be a space jockey, playing my space flute, squatting a few tons, spraying my genetic material all over the universe. Otherwise we're stuck on this rock repeating the same old nonsense. I'm ready to dose.