Exchanges, however, are regulatory bureaucracies that perform other functions and serve other purposes besides dispensing subsidies. The PPACAs authors, the Obama administration, and the president himself have all acknowledged this.
- In 2008, Senate Finance Committee chairman Max Baucus wrote, The Exchange would be an independent entity, the primary purpose of which would be to organize affordable health insurance options, create understandable, comparable information about those options, and develop a standard application for enrollment in a chosen plan.
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In fact, the Exchanges are supposed to perform more than a dozen functions besides issuing subsidies. Here are some of the ways the PPACAs health insurance Exchanges attempt to serve the goals of one-stop shopping, price and quality comparisons, expanding choice and competition, and reducing health insurance premiums, even in the absence of subsidies:
1. Facilitate the creation of SHOP Exchanges, where premium-assistance tax credits are not available. §1311(b).
2. Certify, recertify, and decertify qualified health plans. §1311(d)(4)(A).
3. Maintain a toll-free telephone hotline. §1311(d)(4)(B).
4. Monitor premiums and require issuers of QHPs to justify premium increases. §1311(e)(2).
5. Monitor QHPs compliance with hospital quality measures. §1311(h).
6.Monitor QHPs compliance with mental health parity regulations. §1311(j).
7. Require transparency from issuers of QHPs, including periodic financial disclosures; and oversee compilation of information on enrollment, disenrollment, the number of claims that are denied, rating practices, cost-sharing and payments with respect to any out-of-network coverage, enrollee and participant rights, and other information as determined appropriate by the Secretary. §1311(e)(3)(A).
8. Collect data from QHPs on the quality of care, including case management, care coordination, chronic disease management, medication and care compliance initiatives
, prevent[ing] hospital readmissions through a comprehensive program for hospital discharge that includes patient-centered education and counseling, comprehensive discharge planning, and post-discharge reinforcement by an appropriate health care professional
, reduc[ing] medical errors through the appropriate use of best clinical practices, evidence based medicine, and health information technology
, [and] the implementation of wellness and health promotion activities [and] activities to reduce health and health care disparities. §1311(g).
9. Rate QHPs based on quality, price, and patient satisfaction. §1311(d)(4)(D).
10. Maintain a website with standardized comparative information on qualified health plans. §1311(d)(4)(C), (E).
11. Make eligibility determinations and enrolling applicants for Medicaid and SCHIP. §1311(d)(4)(F).
12. Issue exemptions from the individual mandate, and certify such exemptions to the IRS. §1311(d)(4)(H).
13. Facilitate the purchase of health insurance across state lines. §1311(f).
14. Establish a Navigator program and awarding grants to Navigators. §1311(i).
15. Facilitate the merger of the individual and small-group markets (at each states discretion). §1312(c)(3).
16. Provide an employee benefit (health insurance coverage) for members of Congress. §1312(d)(3)(D).