Nikodemos
Member
Austerity causes decreases in economic growth (I'm not debating the merits of 'good' versus 'bad' economic growth). If you are already in a recession, this tends to lengthen it/augment its effects. Deficits tend to appear/grow during a recession due to reduced income. Also, a lot of private debt became nationalised early on in the recession (cca. 2009) due to some particularly idiotic short-term thinking, which caused countries with relatively low levels of public debt to suddenly implode, budget-wise (ex. Spain; cf. Iceland). During a recession, private capital holders tend to be extremely risk-averse and prefer placing their funds in various financial instruments (the stock-market or similar) or 'hard' assets (farmland in Eastern European countries, f'rex) rather than invest in new ventures. A government theoretically has a stick/carrot combo to shake the private economy unstuck: the threat of inflation (stick) or "quantitative easing" as it tends to be called in recent economic treatises, and collateralisation of private investments with government funds (carrot). However, without its own currency, a government can't QE; with large amounts of debt (either its own or nationalised private) and/or a mechanism forcing it to comply with strict deficit bands, it can't collateralise private investments.There is a increasing GDP to debt ratio because of the short term austerity. As austerity is adopted, there is a cycle of sharp decline as the potential capacity of GDP and GDP itself falls ( high interest rates means investment falls rapidly), so debt to GDP ratios continually rise with lower tax revenues.
And to this mess you add the public pension system, which is a "given right" or "earned right" in some countries (it is mentioned in some constitutions under "welfare state" provisions). This means outright lowering pensions by policymakers is unconstitutional (unless some sort of artifice like overtaxing is employed). Unfortunately, very few politicians are willing to tackle the pensions issue because old people are a 'hard' voting bloc compared to youth. Also, a considerable number of private pension funds own deposit certificates and bonds in various European banks (which, in their turn, took over toxic assets such as subprime mortgages), meaning that were politicians to cut their golden parachute cords, several tens, if not hundreds of thousands of (future) pensioners will end up pauperised (this is linked to the repeal of Glass-Steagal, the barrier between investment and commercial banks).