Mrs Clintons guess about the magnitude of the deplorable fraction of Mr Trumps enthusiasts can still be subjected to a rough fact-check. On July 30th and August 6th, YouGov included in its weekly poll four questions about racial resentment, which seek to measure attitudes regarding race relations. At first glance, Mrs Clintons 50% estimate looks impressively accurate: 58% of respondents who said they backed Mr Trump resided in the polls highest quartile for combined racial-resentment scores. And at a lower threshold of offensivenessmerely distasteful rather than outright deplorable, say91% of Mr Trumps voters scored above the national average.
Nonetheless, caution is required before declaring Mrs Clintons claim vindicated. First, our racial-resentment index, constructed from a standard battery of questions used in political-science studies for decades, is only an indirect proxy for racism itself. For all the pride in political incorrectness that Mr Trump has brought into vogue, people remain hesitant to admit their prejudices to pollsters. Instead, researchers measure racial resentment using questions on preferential treatment for blacks, such as strong disagreement with the statement that generations of slavery and discrimination have created conditions that make it difficult for blacks to work their way out of the lower class.
Moreover, Mrs Clinton accused Trumpistas of far more prejudices than racism alone. Regarding her charge of homophobia, 51.8% of Mr Trumps partisansagain, just above her suggested figure of halfdo support a hypothetical constitutional amendment that would allow states to ban gay marriage. But it is of course possible to support this policy for reasons other than bias against homosexuals, just as it is possible to oppose affirmative action for reasons other than bias against racial minorities.